Research and Knowledge Security · Living Appendix – Operational Lists

Research and Knowledge Security

Living Appendix – Operational Lists

Companion to the Best Practice

ATHENE – National Research Center for Applied Cyber­security
ATHENE Public, July 28, 2026 Research and Knowledge Security · Living Appendix 1

Contents

ATHENE Public, July 28, 2026 Research and Knowledge Security · Living Appendix 2

This document is the living operational register. It is maintained by the Chief Research Security Officer (CRSO) and updated on a fixed cycle; every table carries a “reviewed” date. It is the single, regularly-updated home for the specifics — the partner tiers, the source lists, the routing and contact register, the maintenance log, and the effectiveness dashboard.

Each table below is one of the lists named in the best practice. The short note before each table says what the columns hold and how the CRSO fills it. Cells shown as [tbd] or [like this] are specifics the ATHENE office has yet to confirm; named individual contacts are not printed here but kept in the CRSO’s working copy. Every table carries the date it was last reviewed.

1Country and region partner tiers

Scheme. The partner tiers are split by how the tier is set. Table 1 holds the tiers that follow directly from an external authority — EU, EEA, and NATO membership, and the EU sanctions and embargo regimes. Table 2 holds the tiers ATHENE sets by its own case-by-case judgment — the like-minded countries it treats as trusted, the systemic-rival tier, and the residual “assess on indicators” category. Both tables share the columns: the starting tier (the four tiers — trusted circle, systemic rival, high risk, embargoed or sanctioned — are defined in the best practice’s risk-and-chance method), the documented basis (source and edition), and the date last reviewed. Each country sits in exactly one row, taking the most specific category first (EU → EEA → other NATO → other like-minded).

Country / region Starting tier Documented basis Reviewed
EU member states (the 27) Trusted circle EU membership (europa.eu) 2026-07
EEA, non-EU: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway Trusted circle EEA Agreement 2026-07
All other NATO members not already above Trusted circle NATO membership (nato.int) 2026-07
States subject to broad EU restrictive measures or arms embargoes (e.g. Belarus, Iran, North Korea, Russia, Syria) Embargoed or sanctioned (mandatory legal review): cooperation prohibited only where a specific sanctions, embargo, or export-control restriction reaches the partner, end-use, item, funding, or activity EU restrictive-measures regimes; export-control catch-all [3] (live list https://www.sanctionsmap.eu/) 2026-07

Table 1: Externally defined partner tiers. Set directly by EU/EEA/NATO membership or by a binding EU sanctions or embargo regime. Cooperation is a settled legal “no” only where a binding sanction, embargo, or export control actually reaches the activity.

Country / region Starting tier Documented basis Reviewed
Australia Trusted circle Individual decision 2026-07
Israel Trusted circle Individual decision 2026-07
Japan Trusted circle Individual decision 2026-07
New Zealand Trusted circle Individual decision 2026-07
South Korea Trusted circle Individual decision 2026-07
People’s Republic of China Systemic rival HRK differentiated China guidance [4]; current federal/EU research-security framework [1], [2] 2026-07
Any state not separately listed Assess on indicators (high-risk tier where the indicators warrant) Per the best-practice method (no blanket tier)

Table 2: Case-by-case partner tiers. Set by ATHENE’s own judgment rather than an external list. The starting tier sets where scrutiny begins; it never substitutes for the case-by-case method.

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2Named-organization watch sources

Scheme. Public sources screened for sanctioned or restricted organizations. What a listing triggers depends on the source. An EU sanctions or embargo listing is legally binding: cooperation or a transaction is prohibited to the extent the listing reaches the partner, the end-use, the funds, or the activity. A US listing (Entity List, SDN) is not binding under German law; it is a risk indicator that raises scrutiny and feeds the case-by-case judgment, and becomes binding only where US jurisdiction applies (US-origin items or software, US persons, or US-dollar clearing). Each source is consulted in its live online version: the EU consolidated sanctions list through the EU Sanctions Map (https://www.sanctionsmap.eu/), the US Entity List from the Bureau of Industry and Security (https://www.bis.gov/entity-list), and the OFAC Specially Designated Nationals list (https://ofac.treasury.gov/sanctions-list-service).

Named-organization source Maintained by What a listing triggers Checked
EU consolidated list of sanctioned persons and entities EU / EEAS Legally binding: cooperation or transaction prohibited where the listing reaches the partner, end-use, funds, or activity 2026-07
US Entity List US BIS Not binding under German law: a risk indicator that raises scrutiny; binding where US-origin items, software, or technology under the EAR are involved 2026-07
OFAC SDN list US OFAC Not binding under German law: a risk indicator that raises scrutiny; binding where a US nexus exists (US persons, US-dollar clearing, US-origin goods) 2026-07

Table 3: Named-organization watch sources. What a listing on each actually triggers — a binding legal prohibition (EU) versus a risk indicator (US).

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3Indicator sources

Scheme. For states and partners not settled by a sanctions listing, the tier and risk assessment rest on documented indicators rather than a static blacklist. The CRSO records which source and edition fed a given tier — this is what keeps the list auditable and stops it ossifying into an outdated verdict. The standing inputs mirror the red-flag indicator set ATHENE adopts from the Max Planck guideline [6], each consulted in its live online version.

Indicator domain Source (live)
Academic freedom & human rights Academic Freedom Index (https://academic-freedom-index.net/); Freedom House, Freedom in the World (https://freedomhouse.org/countries/freedom-world/scores)
Democracy & rule of law V-Dem indices (https://www.v-dem.net/)
Corruption Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index (https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi)
Sanctions & export-control status The source lists of Table 3
Military / defence-industry ties (esp. systemic rivals) ASPI China Defence Universities Tracker [5] (https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/) — rates institutions by defence ties; institutional evidence, not nationality
Espionage / coercion history Documented, case-specific

Table 4: Indicator sources for the risk assessment.

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4Routing register: functions by participating organization

Scheme. One row per participating organization; the columns name the office that holds each statutory function. Where an organization has no ethics organ of its own, the case routes to the Research Review Board (defined in the best practice). Named individual contacts are not printed here; they are held in the CRSO’s working copy.

Participating organization Export control (Ausfuhrverantwortliche/r) Ethics organ for security-relevant research Data-protection controller Information security
Fraunhofer SIT Exportkontrollbeauftragte/r des Instituts ATHENE Research Review Board Fraunhofer DPO, datenschutz@zv.fraunhofer.de isb@sit.fraunhofer.de
Fraunhofer IGD Exportkontrollbeauftragte/r des Instituts ATHENE Research Review Board Fraunhofer DPO, datenschutz@zv.fraunhofer.de isb@igd.fraunhofer.de
TU Darmstadt Kanzler; operativ: Stabsstelle III S2 – Außenwirtschaft / Exportkontrolle Ethikkommission (consulted); Präsidium decides via cross-Dezernat task force TU Darmstadt DPO, datenschutz@tu-darmstadt.de ciso@tu-darmstadt.de
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Kanzler; operativ: Dezernat für Forschung, Transfer und Internationales ATHENE Research Review Board Goethe DPO, dsb@uni-frankfurt.de it-sicherheit@uni-frankfurt.de
Hochschule Darmstadt Kanzler & Justitiariat; operativ: Servicezentrum Forschung und Transfer (SFT) ATHENE Research Review Board; Ethikkommission (ab 2027) h_da DPO, datenschutz@h-da.de it-sec.itda@h-da.de

Table 5: Routing register. The participating organizations’ functions.

Other research-security functions. Beyond the statutory functions of Table 5, research security also involves vetting people (guest researchers, doctoral candidates) and clearing cooperations and projects. Table 6 records who owns these per organization. The baseline sanctions-screening of personnel runs through the export-control function above; the entries here are the additional, organization-specific processes the CRSO confirms.

Participating organization Personnel & guest-researcher vetting Cooperation & project clearing
Fraunhofer SIT Institute Directorate Institute Directorate
Fraunhofer IGD Institute Directorate Institute Directorate
TU Darmstadt Präsidium-endorsed guest-researcher vetting (Dez. VIII), with the export-control function and the Ethikkommission Cooperation-vetting process (Dez. VIII “Informationspool”); Präsidium decides
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Personalabteilung, https://www.uni-frankfurt.de/45699737/Abteilung_Personalservices, personalabteilung@uni-frankfurt.de Cooperation-vetting process (Research Support); Präsidium decides, https://www.uni-frankfurt.de/102672447/Research_Support, research-support@uni-frankfurt.de
Hochschule Darmstadt HR (Ressort K, K.2): Sanctions list screening in the recruitment process SFT & Justitiariat: Standard templates for cooperation agreements, including guidance notes, are provided

Table 6: Other process owners. Research-security owners beyond the statutory functions of Table 5.

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References

[1] Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt. Eckpunkte zur Stärkung der Forschungssicherheit und zum Aufbau einer Nationalen Plattform für Forschungssicherheit. Eckpunktepapier, BMFTR, December 2025. URL https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/2025/25-eckpunkte-forschungssicherheit.pdf.

[2] Council of the European Union. Council Recommendation of 23 May 2024 on enhancing research security. Council Recommendation OJ C/2024/3510, Council of the European Union, May 2024. URL https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2024/3510/oj.

[3] European Parliament and Council of the European Union. Regulation (EU) 2021/821 setting up a Union regime for the control of exports, brokering, technical assistance, transit and transfer of dual-use items (recast). Regulation (EU) 2021/821, European Union, May 2021. URL https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/821/oj.

[4] Hochschulrektorenkonferenz. Leitfragen zur Hochschulkooperation mit der Volksrepublik China. Beschluss des Präsidiums, Hochschulrektorenkonferenz (HRK), Präsidium, September 2020. URL https://www.hrk.de/fileadmin/redaktion/hrk/02-Dokumente/02-07-Internationales/02-07-01-Internationale-Strategie/HRK_Beschluss_Leitfragen_zur_Hochschulkooperation_mit_der_VR_China_9.9.2020.pdf.

[5] Alex Joske. The China Defence Universities Tracker. Policy Brief and public database Report No. 23/2019, Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), International Cyber Policy Centre, 2019. URL https://unitracker.aspi.org.au/.

[6] Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Internationale Zusam­men­arbeit – Standortbestimmung und Orientierungsrahmen. Leitlinien zur Ausgestaltung inter­nationaler Kooperationen der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Leitlinien, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 2024. URL https://www.mpg.de/16767044/mpg-leitlinien-int-kooperationen-2024.pdf.

ATHENE Public, July 28, 2026 Research and Knowledge Security · Living Appendix 7

Imprint

Contact

National Research Center for Applied Cyber­security ATHENE
c/o Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Information Technology SIT
Rheinstraße 75, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany

© Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., München, 2026

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Notes

This document was supported by funding from the Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR) and the Hessian Ministry of Science and Research, the Arts and Culture (HMWK) within their joint funding of the National Research Center for Applied Cyber­security ATHENE.

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