Large-Scale Privacy-Preserving Statistical Computations for Distributed Genome-Wide Association Studies - ATHENE

Autor	Tkachenko, Oleksandr; Weinert, Christian; Schneider, Thomas; Hamacher, Kay
Datum	2018
Art	Conference Proceedings
Abstrakt	We present privacy-preserving solutions for \textbackslashemphGenome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) based on \textbackslashemphSecure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC). Using SMPC, we protect the privacy of patients when medical institutes collaborate for computing statistics on genomic data in a distributed fashion. Previous solutions for this task lack efficiency and/or use inadequate algorithms that are of limited practical value. Concretely, we optimize and implement multiple algorithms for the χ\textrm2-, G-, and P-test in the ABY framework (Demmler et al., NDSS'15) and evaluate them in a distributed GWAS scenario.\textbackslash Statistical tests generally require advanced mathematical operations. For operations that cannot be calculated in integer arithmetic, we make use of the existing IEEE 754 floating point arithmetic implementation in ABY (Demmler et al., CCS'15). To improve performance, we extend the mixed-protocol capabilities of ABY by optimizing and implementing the integer to floating point conversion protocols of Aliasgari et al.\textbackslash (NDSS'13), which may be of independent interest. Furthermore, we consider extended contingency tables for the \textbackslashchi⌃2- and G-test that use codeword counts instead of counts for only two alleles, thereby allowing for advanced, realistic analyses. Finally, we consider an outsourcing scenario where two non-colluding semi-trusted third parties process secret-shared input data from multiple institutes.\textbackslash Our extensive evaluation shows, compared to the prior art of Constable et al. (BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making'15), an improved run-time efficiency of the χ\textrm2-test by up to factor 37x. We additionally demonstrate practicality in scenarios with millions of participants and hundreds of collaborating institutes.
Konferenz	13th ACM Asia Conference on Information, Computer and Communications Security (ASIACCS'18)
ISBN	978-1-4503-5576-6
In	ASIACCS '18: Proceedings of the 2018 on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, p.221-235
Publisher	ACM
Schlüssel	TUD-CS-2018-0048
Url	https://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/id/eprint/101504